W.R. Alexander, A. Gautschi and P. Zuidema (1998) Thorough testing of performance assessment models: the necessary integration of in situ experiments, natural analogues and laboratory work. Extended abstract in Sci. Basis Nucl. Waste Manag. XXI, 1013-1014.

A. Hooper, J. Mathieson, M. Shiotsuki and W.R. Alexander (2005) Review of international progress in transuranic and long-lived ILW disposal. ICEM-05 Conference (Glasgow, UK, Sept. 2005) submitted

U.K. Mäder and B. Frieg (2003) Long-Term Cement Studies (LCS) Extended Minutes of the 1st Planning Meeting Paris (ANDRA), July 3-4, 2003. Nagra internal memo, AN 03-139, Nagra, Wettingen, Switzerland.

U.K. Mäder, T. Fierz, J. Eikenberg, M. Ruethi, S. Ekberg, P. Stille and A.E. Milodowski (2005) The effects of a high-pH plume on flow and radionuclide transport in fractured rock: field and laboratory experiments. J. Geochem. Explor. (in press)

J.A.T. Smellie, (Ed.), (1998). Maqarin Natural Analogue Study: Phase III. SKB Technical Report 99-04. SKB, Stockholm, Sweden.

J. Soler, W. Pfingsten, B. Paris & U. K. Mäder. (2005a) Tracer transport and reactive transport modelling of high-pH fluid interaction in fractured rock observed in field and laboratory experiments. J. Geochem. Explor. (in press)

J. Soler et al (2005b) GTS-HPF: Modelling of hyperalkaline leachate/host rock interaction - laboratory and field data Nagra Technical Report NTB 05-01, Nagra, Wettingen, Switzerland.

C. Steefel and P. Lichtner (1998). Multi-component reactive transport in discrete fractures II: infiltration of hyperalkaline groundwater at Maqarin, Jordan, a natural analogue site. J. Hydrol., 209, 200-224.

Natural Analogues: References

Alexander, W.R. (Ed.). 1992. A natural analogue study of cement-buffered hyperalkaline groundwaters and their interaction with a sedimentary host rock - I: Source-term description and geochemical code database validation. NAGRA Technical Report Series (NTB 91-10), Nagra, Wettingen, Switzerland.

Alexander, W.R. and Mazurek, M. (1996). The Maqarin natural analogue: possible implications for the performance of a cementitious repository at Wellenberg. Nagra Unpublished Internal Report, Nagra, Wettingen, Switzerland.

W.R.Alexander, G.Kamei, J.A.T.Smellie (2005) A natural analogue of a cementitious repository: a brief overview of a study of unique sites in Jordan. Proc. IAEA Conf. Waste Manag., 2-6 October, 2005, Tokyo, Japan. IAEA Technical Report, 304, IAEA, Vienna, Austria.

Khoury, H.N., Salameh, E., Mazurek, M. and Alexander, W.R. (1998). Geology and hydrogeology of the Maqarin area. Ch. 2 in J.A.T.Smellie (editor). Maqarin Natural Analogue Study: Phase III. SKB Technical Report. (TR 98-04, Vols I and II). SKB, Stockholm, Sweden.

Linklater, C.M. (Ed.), 1998. A natural analogue study of cement buffered, hyperalkaline groundwaters and their interaction with a repository host rock II. Nirex Report no. S/98/003, UKNirex, Harwell, Oxon., UK.

Savage, D. (1998). Zeolite occurrence, stability and behaviour. Ch.8 in J.A.T.Smellie (editor). Maqarin Natural Analogue Study: Phase III. SKB Technical Report. (TR 98-04, Vols I and II). SKB, Stockholm, Sweden.

Smellie, J.A.T. (Ed.), 1998. Maqarin natural analogue project: Phase III. SKB Technical Report (TR 98-04, Vols I and II), SKB, Stockholm, Sweden.

Further Reading
The material cited above, while open, has a somewhat restricted circulation. Interested readers may also find further information on the project in:

Alexander, W.R. (1995) Natural cements: How can they help us safely dispose of radioactive waste? Radwaste Magazine 2, vol 5, Sept. 1995, pp 61-69.

Alexander, W.R., Dayal, R., Eagleson, K., Eikenberg, J., Hamilton, E., Linklater, C.M, McKinley, I.G. and Tweed, C.J. (1992) A natural analogue of high pH cement pore waters from the Maqarin area of northern Jordan II: results of predictive geochemical calculations. J. Geochem. Explor. 46, pp l33-146.

Barnes, I., Presser, T.S, Saines, M., Dickson, P. and Koster van Groos, A.F. (1982) Geochemistry of highly basic calcium hydroxide groundwater in Jordan. Chem. Geol. 35, pp147-154.

Chambers, A.V. (1994) Use of the quasi-stationary state approximation to determine the migration of mineral alteration zones at a natural analogue for the disturbed zone of a cementitious radioactive waste repository. Sci. Basis Nucl. Waste Manag. XVIII, pp 639-644

Clark, I.D., Dayal, R. and Khoury, H.N. (1994) The Maqarin (Jordan) natural analogue for 14-C attenuation in cementitious barriers. Waste Manag. 14, pp 467-477.

Kattan, Z. (1995) Chemical and environmental isotope study of the fissured basaltic aquifer systems of Yarmouk Basin (Syria).IAEA-SM/336/28, IAEA Int. Symp. Isot. Wat. Res. Manag. (Vienna, March 20-24, 1995).Khoury, H.N. and Nassir, S. (1982) High temperature mineralisation in the Maqarin area, north Jordan. Neues Jahrb. Miner. Abh. 144, pp 197-213.

Khoury, H.N., Salameh, E. and Abdul-Jaber, Q. (1985) Characteristics of an unusual highly alkaline water from the Maqarin area, Northern Jordan. J. Hydrol. 81, pp 79-91.

Khoury, H.N., E.Salameh, I.D.Clark, P.Fritz, W.Bajjali, A.E.Milodowski, M.R.Cave and W.R.Alexander (1992) A natural analogue of high pH coment pore waters from the Maqarin area of northern Jordan I: introduction to the site. J. Geochem. Explor. 46, pp ll7-132.

Linklater, C.M., Y.Albinsson, W.R.Alexander, I.Casas, I.G.McKinley and P.Sellin (1996) A natural analogue of high pH cement pore waters from the Maqarin area of northern Jordan: comparison of predicted and observed trace element chemistry of uranium and selenium. J.Contam. Hydrol. 21, pp 59-69.

McKinley, I.G. and Alexander, W.R., (1992) A review of the use of natural analogues to test performance assessment models of a cementitious near field. Waste Manag. 12, pp 253-259.
Saines, M., Dickson, P and Lambert, P. (1980) An occurrence of calcium hydroxide groundwater in Jordan. Groundwater 18, p 503.

Smellie, J.A.T., Karlsson, F. and Alexander, W.R., (1997) Natural analogue studies: present status and performance assessment implications. J.Contam. Hydrol. 26, pp 3-18.

Tweed, C.J and Milodowski, A..E (1994) An overview of the Maqarin natural analogue project - a natural analogue study of a hyperalkaline cement groundwater system. in H.von Maravic and J.A.T.Smellie (editors), 5th NAWG Workshop, Toledo, Spain, 5-9 October, 1992, CEC EUR 15176 EN, Brussels, Belgium.

West, J.M., Coombs, P., Gardner, S.J. and Rochelle, C.A. (1995) The microbiology of the Maqarin site, Jordan. A natural analogue for cementitious radioactive waste repositories. Sci. Basis Nucl. Waste Manag. XVIII, pp 181-189.